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www.poultrynews.com.au National Poultry Newspaper, January 2025 %u2013 Page 15BCS WALKING TRACTORSA wide range of implements also availableAvailable in petrol or diesel 3 Endeavour Street, Warragul, VIC, 3820(03) 5622 9100 %u2022 www.vinrowe.com.auBetter outcomes through advanced systemswww.stockyardindustries.comNorthern regionJoe Oliveira0437 322 446joe@stockyardindustries.comSouthern regionNiel Snyman0419 608 721niel@stockyardindustries.comJuan DiazNational Key Account Manager - Poultryjuan@ccdanimalhealth.com.au 0419 620 310Jodie DriscollNational Sales Managerjodie@ccdanimalhealth.com.au0428 247 272Eddie PecotichNational Key Account Manager - Biosecurity eddie@ccdanimalhealth.com.au 0437 408 961Unit 2, 84-92 Barnes StTamworth NSW 2340ccdanimalhealth.com.au(02) 9898 1800sales@HydroInnovations.com.auwww.HydroInnovations.com.au %u2022 Wastewater Pumps%u2022 Lagoon Aerators%u2022 Sludge Pumps%u2022 DAF PumpsGarry GrantDANIEL FISHER0434 468 644KEVIN MARKHAM0421 078 855E: equipment@ifsaustralia.com.auwww.ifsaustralia.com.auU4/9 Cardiff CourtCavanSA 5094PO Box 2467 Dry Creek SA 5094INTENSIVE FARMING SUPPLIES AUSTRALIAPRECISION INTESTINAL NUTRITION SYNCHRONIZED FOR POULTRYSome companies talk about it - at Jefo, we do it For more information, contact:Wayne Bradsha 0429 301 500 wbradshaw@jefo.comor the office:ausinfo@jefo.comjefo.com Here%u2019s my Card Here%u2019s my Card Here%u2019s my Card Here%u2019s my Card Here%u2019s my Card Here%u2019s my CardTom Moore0417 085 139newenglandfreerange@hotmail.com%u2022 Custom small batch pullet rearing (BD Aviary) %u2022 Full vaccination options available%u2022 Truly separated, if required %u2022 Southern Queensland and northern NSWWidespread criticism of killing animals occurs at all scales, including anglers, recreational hunters and wildlife scientists.Some have argued that animal killing does not resolve some of the issues it aims to address and is therefore unnecessary %u2013 for example, it does not stop depredation of livestock or does not contribute to the conservation of endangered species.Others have further argued that killing animals is an inefficient way to obtain nutrition and that animal killing will be reduced by seeking our life-sustaining nutrients from lower trophic levels %u2013 that is, vegetarianism or veganism. The authors agree with many of these perspectives and do not attempt to address or dispute each of these claims or worldviews. Rather, as valid, strongly held and important as these differing views might be, they consider them largely tangential to an ecological perspective on animal killing by humans and our undeniable role at the apex of the global food web. The philosophical, medical, veterinary, husbandry and ecological literature is replete with robust debate on the acceptability of killing various animals in diverse circumstances, and it is clear that many people support or accept animal killing in one way or another while some others oppose it.However, much of the %u2018for versus against%u2019 multidisciplinary literature on this subject typically fails to put contemporary animal killing behaviour by humans into an evolutionary or ecological context, and an explanation for why humans kill animals and why we cannot avoid it has not been well articulated. Humans do not live independently of other species. We are an inescapable part of the global food web and our action, inaction and mere presence on Earth has diverse consequences for animal life.The disciplines of anthropology, archaeology, climate change, ecology, evolutionary biology, religious studies, philosophy and ethics, taxonomy and others implicitly attest to the interconnectedness of humans with other living organisms. We consider this a self-evident fact that should be understood by, or at least understandable for, most people. Over three parts, the authors will provide a brief overview of 10 primary reasons or categories of reasons why humans kill animals, or 10 primary forms of human animal-killing behaviour. The broad definition of killing includes the intentional and unintentional actions and inactions of humans that directly or indirectly cause animal death, because any alternative or more restricted definition would knowingly omit important modes of human animal-killing behaviour.Animal killing is also multifunctional.Thus the 10 reasons described are non-exclusive and overlap in many cases, some may also be considered to fall into multiple categories, and the stated categories might also be reorganised in an alternative variety of acceptable ways. Though the rationale might apply to many types of animals, the discussion focuses on vertebrate animals, which are almost universally recognised as being sentient.The authors argue that killing such animals is an unavoidable component of human life on Earth that might be reduced in some cases but is impossible to eliminate. They further argue that ethical debate over whether or not to kill animals is unhelpful, and that a critical analysis of when and how to kill animals is much more relevant and consequential to improving animal lives. Encouraged is a future focus on animal welfare and the ecological sustainability of our animal-killing behaviours, rather than focussing on binary ethical or philosophical issues such as %u2018killing or not killing%u2019 or %u2018lethal or non-lethal%u2019 animal management. Though human dimensions %u2013 including worldviews, values, perceptions, attitudes, motivations, emotions and behaviours %u2013 are important drivers of why humans kill or do not kill animals, the primary aim was not to systematically review the sociological or psychological literature on anthopogenic reasonings for killing animals. Rather, the aim is to ecologically contextualise animal killing behaviour by humans, describe some of the implications of this for contemporary debates about animal ethics, and so provide a resource for those engaging in discussions about the permissibility and acceptability of killing animals. The authors%u2019 intended outcome is to redirect some of the philosophical and ethical debates away from intractable tensions between fundamentally different and somewhat theoretical worldviews towards applied issues that have a greater capacity to collectively improve the lives of both animals and people. Next month, Part 2 will cover the first five of the 10 reasons of why humans kill animals and why we cannot avoid it. Ben AllenUniversity of Southern Queensland* from P13Why humans kill animals by Ben Allen - Part 1