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www.poultrynews.com.au National Poultry Newspaper, March 2025 %u2013 Page 11%u00a9 Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2024. All rights reserved. %u00ae %u2122 Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc., U.S.A.Certain statements may not be applicable in all geographic regions. Product labeling and associated claims may differ based upon regulatory requirements.%u201cHEALTH GUARD%u201d is a pioneering program that takes a tailored approach to livestock management, acknowledging the unique challenges faced by different species. This initiative is genuinely committed to addressing the key pain points and combines several layers of protection to avoid losses to our industry. Protection against diseases and stressorswithout the use of antiboticsHEALTH GUARDKemin (Australia) Pty. LimitedPhone: +61 2 9844 5700 Email: australia@kemin.com / greg.heeney@kemin.comwww.kemin.com4. Urbanisation and industrialisationPerhaps the most universal form of animal killing occurs when humans construct houses, factories, mines, power stations, roads, railways and other industries and infrastructure needed to support sedentary human populations. In ecological terms, urbanisation might be better thought of as mass irreversible habitat destruction that has resulted in some of the highest rates of decline and local extinction of a range of fauna worldwide.Urbanisation thus kills animals in ways similar to intensive agriculture (reason 3), which is intrinsically linked to feeding a rapidly urbanising human population.Furthermore, because urban areas are typically situated in places that were once biodiversity hotspots, the impacts on flora and fauna are more severe for urbanisation than for most other human activities.Urbanisation represents competition for the critical resource of space and results in the killing and expulsion of countless other animals whenever it occurs at either large or small scales. For example, koalas are arboreal dietary specialists distributed along the entire east coast of Australia, where most of the Australian human population lives in multiple cities. Within only a 10-year period, the national conservation status of koalas has deteriorated from being unlisted to listed as vulnerable in 2012, and then to endangered in 2022 %u2013 almost exclusively through the ongoing direct and indirect effects of urbanisation, vehicle collisions and tree clearing, or removing both the food and refuge of this iconic species.Though far smaller in scale, the establishment of rondavels under trees in the Okavango Delta of Botswana similarly displaces the wild animals that would otherwise live there (see Fig. 2).Thus, every living human on the planet contributes to the displacement and death of animals in this way, and/or has and is benefitting from the proceeds of such animal killing in the past (reasons 1-3 and 5).Continued animal killing through urbanisation seems inevitable so long as global human population growth remains positive and the current trend of migration towards urban nodes continues. Directly killing medium and large-sized animals may be avoidable when construction is undertaken carefully and affected individual animals are captured and translocated.However, the subsequent displacement and indirect forms of animal killing (for example lack of food, exposure to predation, diseases or pollutants) associated with urbanisation are largely unavoidable. The number of animals killed in this way may be reduced to some degree when urbanisation is directed upwards and not outwards, or when water and waste are recycled sustainably.However, increasing human populations will still place ever increasing demands on natural resources and the associated industry and infrastructure required to support sedentary populations, which are almost always permanent.5. Invasive and overabundant native animal controlKilling exotic, nonnative, extralimital or overabundant native animals is practiced widely. However, the motivation for this type of killing is distinct from other forms of animal killing. Animals might be killed by humans simply because they are exotic or %u2018not from here%u2019, but they are usually killed because their invasive characteristics and traits raise concern that they will cause subsequent issues that will require further and otherwise avoidable animal killing.These concerns include the protection of human health and safety (reason 2), agricultural production (reason 3), threatened species protection (reason 6) or the prevention of ecosystem collapse or shifts characterised by the mass killing and loss of many local animals. Many invasive and overabundant animals create real and perceived undesirable impacts on the environment, human economies and on social or * from P10Why humans kill animals - next three reasonsIndirect killing occurs when non-target animals die from accidental poisoning associated with use of the drugs, pesticides and herbicides used to protect animals and plants or as bycatch in traps intended for damage-causing animals. Photo: Emerson BegniniWithin only a 10-year period, the national conservation status of koalas has deteriorated from being unlisted to listed as vulnerable in 2012, and then to endangered in 2022, which is intrinsically linked to feeding and housing * continued P12 a rapidly urbanising population. Photo: Klub Boks